Interspinous vertebral stabilization devices

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides interspinous vertebral and lumbosacral stabilization devices, and methods of using these devices for treating spinal instability conditions. The invention includes interspinous vertebral stabilization devices adapted for placement between the spinous processes of two or more adjacent vertebrae. The invention also includes lumbar stabilization devices adapted to be placed between a lumbar vertebra and an adjacent vertebra, including the first sacral vertebra (S1), to stabilize the lumbosacral region of a patient, and method for using such devices.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/535,210, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,328,848, filed on Sep. 26, 2006 andentitled “Interspinous Vertebral Stabilization Devices,” which claimsthe benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/720,809,filed Sep. 27, 2005, all of which are incorporated by reference in theirentirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to devices and methods for treating spinalconditions, and specifically to vertebral stabilization devices andmethods of using such devices for stabilizing adjacent vertebrae. Morespecifically, the present invention relates to interspinous vertebralstabilization devices for placement between the spinous processes of twoor more vertebrae, and including lumbosacral stabilization devices forplacement between a lumbar vertebra and an adjacent vertebra, andmethods of using such devices.

BACKGROUND

Diseases of the spine cause significant morbidity. These diseasesinclude abnormalities of the vertebrae, the intervertebral discs, thefacet joints, and connective tissue around the spine. Theseabnormalities can be due to a number of causes, including mechanicalinjury or degenerative disc disease. Such abnormalities can causeinstability to the spine, allowing the vertebral column to becomemisaligned and producing micromotion between adjacent vertebrae.Vertebral misalignment and micromotion may result in wear to thevertebral bony surfaces and ultimately cause severe pain. Further, theseconditions are often chronic and progressive problems.

The treatments for spinal disorders may include long-term medicalmanagement or surgery. Medical management is generally directed atcontrolling the symptoms, such as pain, rather than correcting theunderlying problem. For some patients, this may require chronic use ofpain medications, which may alter patient mental state or cause othernegative side effects.

Another treatment option is surgery, which is often highly invasive andmay significantly alter the spinal anatomy and function. For example,one surgical treatment for certain spinal conditions includes spinalfusion, whereby two or more vertebrae may be joined using bone graftsand/or synthetic implants. The fusion process is irreversible and maysignificantly alter vertebral range-of-motion. Further, current surgicalprocedures are often only applicable to patients in asignificantly-progressed disease state.

Consequently, spinal surgeons have begun to develop more advancedsurgical procedures and spinal stabilization and/or repair devices thatare less invasive, may be reversible, and cause a less drasticalteration in the patient's normal anatomy and spinal function. Theseprocedures may be used in an earlier stage of disease progression and,in some situations, may even stop or reverse disease progression.

Recently, a variety of interspinous stabilization devices have becomeavailable. These devices may be implanted between the spinous processesof two or more adjacent vertebrae. By stabilizing the spinous processesin this way, significant stress may be taken off the intervertebraldiscs to prevent disease progression or to improve conditions such asspinal stenosis. In addition, vertebral motion may be controlled withoutseverely altering spinal anatomy.

Current interspinous vertebral implants are configured to be attached tothe spinous processes of two or more adjacent vertebrae. Because thesacrum has a very small or non-existent spinous process, these devicescannot be implanted, for instance, between the fifth lumbar vertebra(L5) and the first sacral vertebra (S1). However, many patients havespinal conditions that affect the L5 and sacral vertebrae. It wouldtherefore be desirable to provide improved interspinous vertebralstabilization devices, and in particular, devices that can be implantedbetween the sacrum and a lumbar vertebra.

SUMMARY

The present invention provides interspinous vertebral and lumbosacralstabilization devices, and methods of using these devices for treatingspinal instability conditions. The invention includes interspinousvertebral stabilization devices configured for placement between thespinous processes of two or more adjacent vertebrae. The invention alsoprovides lumbosacral stabilization devices adapted to be placed betweena lumbar vertebra and an adjacent vertebra, including the first sacralvertebra (S1), to stabilize the lumbosacral region of a patient, andmethod for using such devices.

One aspect of the invention provides an implantable interspinousstabilization device for stabilizing adjacent vertebrae or a lumbarvertebra near a sacrum. The device may comprise a flexible bodyincluding a first portion having a bone-contacting region configured forplacement beneath a spinous process of a vertebra. The device mayfurther include a second, base portion constructed to cooperate with abone attachment member, the bone attachment member being configured tosecure the device to a bony surface of an adjacent vertebra. A flexibleelement connecting the first and second portions may also be included.In certain exemplary embodiments, the flexible element can be, forexample, a spring or a cushion.

A second aspect of the invention provides an implantable device forstabilizing a lumbar region of a patient. The implantable deviceincludes a bracket for stabilizing a lumbar vertebra. The bracketincludes a platform for placement under a spinous process of the lumbarvertebra. An anchor portion extends from the platform for securing thebracket between the lumbar vertebra and a sacrum. In certain exemplaryembodiments, the platform can be laterally extending with respect to theanchor portion. The bracket can be constructed to be rigid or semi-rigidif a limited degree of flexibility (i.e., compression/extension) isdesired.

A third aspect of the invention provides an implantable interspinousstabilization device. The device includes a bracket including a bodyhaving a scaffold portion at a first end. The scaffold portion includesa contoured bone-contacting region for placement of a spinous process ofa vertebra thereon. At an opposite end is a bone-attachment portion. Thebone-attachment portion can be configured to secure the device to a bonysurface of an adjacent vertebra, such as a sacrum.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth inpart in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious fromthe description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Theobjects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained bymeans of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory onlyand are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate several exemplary embodiments ofthe invention and together with the description, serve to explain theprinciples of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of animplantable device according to this invention.

FIG. 1B provides a perspective view of an assembled device of FIG. 1A insitu.

FIG. 1C shows an enlarged view of the implanted device of FIG. 1B.

FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of an implantable device,according to another exemplary disclosed embodiment.

FIG. 2B illustrates a perspective view of the assembled device of FIG.2A in situ.

FIG. 2C shows an enlarged view of the implanted device of FIG. 2B.

FIG. 3A illustrates a perspective view of the assembled device of FIG.2A with a rod-based anchor system in situ, according to yet anotherexemplary disclosed embodiment.

FIG. 3B shows an enlarged view of the implanted device of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of an implantable device,according to still another exemplary disclosed embodiment.

FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of the implantable device of FIG.4 with a locking cap, according to another exemplary disclosedembodiment.

FIG. 5B provides a perspective view of the assembled device of FIG. 5Ain situ.

FIG. 5C shows an enlarged view of the implanted device of FIG. 5B.

FIG. 6A shows a partially assembled view of the implantable device ofFIG. 4 with a laminar hook, according to an exemplary disclosedembodiment.

FIG. 6B shows an exploded view of the device of FIG. 6A.

FIG. 7A provides a perspective view of the assembled device of FIG. 6Ain situ.

FIG. 7B shows an enlarged view of the implanted device of FIG. 7A.

FIG. 8A illustrates a perspective view of the implantable device of FIG.4 with a laminar hook, according to another exemplary disclosedembodiment.

FIG. 8B shows an exploded view of the device of FIG. 8A.

FIG. 9A illustrates a perspective view of the implantable device of FIG.4 with a laminar hook, according to yet another exemplary disclosedembodiment.

FIG. 9B shows an exploded view of the device of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 10A illustrates a rear perspective view of the assembled device ofFIG. 8A in situ.

FIG. 10B shows an enlarged rear view of the implanted device of FIG.10A.

FIG. 10C illustrates a front perspective view of the assembled device ofFIG. 8A in situ.

FIG. 10D shows an enlarged front view of the implanted device of FIG.10C.

FIG. 11A illustrates a perspective view of the assembled device of FIG.9A in situ.

FIG. 11B shows an enlarged view of the implanted device of FIG. 11A.

FIG. 12A illustrates a perspective view of an implantable device,according to still another exemplary disclosed embodiment.

FIG. 12B provides a perspective view of the assembled device of FIG. 12Ain situ.

FIG. 12C shows an enlarged view of the implanted device of FIG. 12B.

FIG. 13A illustrates a perspective view of an implantable device,according to yet still another exemplary disclosed embodiment.

FIG. 13B provides a perspective view of the assembled device of FIG. 13Ain situ.

FIG. 13C shows an enlarged view of the implanted device of FIG. 13B.

FIG. 14A illustrates a perspective view of an implantable device,according to even still another exemplary disclosed embodiment.

FIG. 14B provides a perspective view of the assembled device of FIG. 14Ain situ.

FIG. 14C shows an enlarged view of the implanted device of FIG. 14B.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments of theinvention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be usedthroughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

The present disclosure provides implantable devices for stabilizingvertebrae when placed between the spinous processes of adjacentvertebrae, and for stabilizing the lumbosacral region of a patient byplacement of the device between a lumbar vertebra and an adjacentvertebra, such as the sacrum. As shown in an exemplary embodimentdepicted in FIGS. 1A-1C, the implantable device 10 can include a spaceror support body 12 that is configured to be implanted between thespinous process 2 of a lumbar vertebra 4, such as the fifth lumbar (L5)spinous process, and an adjacent vertebra. An anchor member 14 can beprovided to secure the support body 12 to the adjacent vertebra, whichcan be, for example, the sacrum 8. When implanted, the device 10 canhelp with alignment of the spinal column by maintaining the vertebra 4and its spinous process 2 in the proper spatial relationship withrespect to adjacent vertebrae, thereby reducing stress on theintervertebral disc.

In one exemplary embodiment, the body 12 may include a first member 20configured for placement beneath a spinous process 2, which can serve asa scaffold or cradle to stabilize the spinous process 2. The firstmember 20 can include an upper surface 22, a lower surface 24, and asidewall 26 extending in between. The upper surface 22 can include abone-contacting region 28 for placement of the spinous process 2thereon. In the illustrated embodiment, the bone-contacting region 28may comprise, for example, a contoured surface defining a saddle region.The bone-contacting region 28 may further include surface features, suchas for example, barbs, surface roughening or teeth 30, as shown, toenhance its ability to grip the bony surface of the spinous process 2.Surface features may also include bioactive coatings, such as forexample, porous coatings containing biologically active material thatpromotes bone tissue growth. These surface features may appear on anycomponent of the implantable device 10.

Channels 32 may be formed along the sidewall 26 and extend into openings34 at the upper surface 22, as shown in FIG. 1A. In one exemplaryembodiment, one channel 32 may be formed on each lateral side of thefirst member 20. Optionally, however, a single channel 32 may beprovided that extends across the first member 20 and opens up at both ofthe lateral sides. The channels 32 and openings 34 enable a flexiblefixation element 50, such as for example, a wire, ligament, band, fabricwebbing, or suture formed of a metallic, polymeric, synthetic, ornatural material, and composites thereof, to be passed through the firstmember 20 and tied around the spinous process 2, thereby securing thebone to the device 10 as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C.

The first member 20 may be attached to a second, base member 60 by alinking member 40. The second member 60 may include an upper surface 62,lower surface 64, and a sidewall 66 extending in between. The linkingmember 40 may extend at one end from the lower surface 24 of the firstmember 20 to a second end on the upper surface 62 of the second, basemember 60. In one exemplary embodiment, the linking member 40 may beflexible (i.e., compressible and/or extendable) to provide the spinousprocess 2 with a certain limited degree of movement after the device 10has been implanted. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A-1C,the linking member 40 may take the form of a spring 42, which wouldenable a vertebra 4 attached to the spinous process 2 to flex, rotate,and/or laterally bend in a controlled manner to accommodate patientmovement.

The second, base member 60 may cooperate with an anchor member 14 forsecuring the implantable device 10 to the patient. As shown in FIGS. 1Band 1C, the lower surface 64 of the second, base member 60 may include achannel or groove 68 extending across the base member 60. The anchormember 14 may take the form of, for example, a detachable bone plate 80having a rod-shaped attachment end 82 that is configured to be heldwithin the groove 68 of the base member 60. In one exemplary embodiment,the groove 68, having a C-shape, allows the bone plate 80 to besnap-fitted onto the base member 60 and still be rotatable, therebyproviding an adjustable joint between the support body 12 and the anchormember 14. This flexibility provides a greater degree of freedom for thesurgeon to be able to adjust the bone plate 80 as needed duringimplantation. Further, the adjustable, rotatable joint between thesupport body 12 and the anchor member 14 would allow the spinous process2 being stabilized to be even more responsive to normal patientmovement. A plastic liner formed from, for example, a polyethylene suchas ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) orpolyetheretherketone (PEEK) can be provided between the rod-likeattachment end 82 and the groove 68, in order to provide smooth glidingmotion of the body 12 against the plate 80.

The bone plate 80 may further include one or more extensions or legs 84extending from the rod-like attachment end 82. As shown in FIG. 1B, twolegs 84 may extend, one on each end, from the rod-like attachment end82. Alternatively, the bone plate 80 may be formed with more than twolegs 84, if desired. The legs 84 may further include fastener holes 86for the insertion of bone fasteners, such as for example, bone screws88, thereby enabling the secure attachment of the bone plate 80 to abony surface such as the sacrum 8. Although screws 88 have beendescribed, it is understood that other alternative bone fasteners suchas pins, tacks, and rivets may be used with the present invention. Inone exemplary embodiment, the legs 84 are positioned so as to flank themedian crest when attached to the sacrum. Surface features such as, forexample, a bioactive coating and/or teeth 30 may also be provided on thelegs 84 to enhance attachment to the bony surface.

In one exemplary method of implanting the device 10, the spacer body 12may be assembled to the anchor member 14 prior to implantation. In thismethod, the spacer body 12 can be positioned such that the spinousprocess 2 of the vertebra 4 to be supported rests onto thebone-contacting region 28, and the anchor member 14 is placed againstthe sacrum 8. Thereafter, screws 88 can be inserted through the fastenerholes 86 to secure the anchor member 14 to the sacrum 8. A flexiblefixation element 50 can be tied around the spinous process 2 and thefirst member 20 of the spacer body 12 to secure the spinous process 2 tothe spacer body 12.

Alternatively, a partially assembled device 10 may be implanted. Forexample, the anchor member 14 may first be secured to the sacrum 8 withscrews 88. Next, the spacer body 12 may be snap-fitted to the anchormember 14 and manipulated such that the spinous process 2 of thevertebra 4 to be supported rests on the bone-contacting region 28. Then,a flexible fixation element 50 can be used to secure the first member 20of the spacer body 12 to the spinous process, as shown.

FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate an implantable device 110 similar to the device10 of FIGS. 1A-1C, but with a flexible cushion 144 connecting the firstmember 120 to the second member 160. In all other respects, the devicesare the same, with like elements of the device 110 having the samereference numerals as device 10, following the prefix “1”. The flexiblecushion 144 may comprise an elastomeric material. In one embodiment, theflexible cushion 144 may comprise a fabric cover that encloses anelastomeric material such as, for example, silicone or rubber, or aswellable material such as a hydrogel. Further, the flexible cushion 144may be formed with pleats or crimps to facilitate compression and/orflexion, as shown in FIG. 2A. Like the spring 42, the flexible cushion144 can enable the vertebra 4 attached to the spinous process 2 to flex,rotate, and/or laterally bend in a controlled manner to accommodatepatient movement. The degree of flexibility or resistance may becontrolled by selecting a material having a desired modulus ofelasticity to form the linking members 40, 140, or by varying thethickness or dimensions of the linking members 40, 140 to adjust thelevel of resistance. Of course, various other flexible and/orconformable designs, shapes, and sizes may be utilized for the linkingmember 40, 140 of the present disclosure.

Instead of attachment with a bone plate 80, 180, the spacer bodies 12,112 of the present invention may also be secured to the patient using arod and bone anchor system 170, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. The use ofa rod and bone anchor system 170 enables the implantable devices 10, 110of the present invention to be adapted for insertion at any level of thespinal column. In particular, the rod-based systems may be used tosecure a spacer body 12, 112 between any pair of adjacent vertebrae bysecuring the anchors of the rod to the pedicles of the vertebra adjacentto the vertebra and its spinous process being stabilized.

In one exemplary embodiment, the rod and bone anchor system 170 caninclude a rod 172 and at least one bone anchor 174. The bone anchor 174can comprise, for example, a polyaxial screw. The device may beconfigured such that the rod 172 snaps into the channel 168 of thesecond, base member 160, similar in respect to the rod-like attachmentend 82 of the bone plate 80. An exemplary embodiment of a bone anchor174 suitable for use with the present invention is shown in FIGS. 3A and3B. As illustrated, the bone anchor 174 includes an elongated threadedbody 176 extending into a head portion 178. The head portion 178includes a hollow spherical cavity 190 for receiving a connectingelement such as, for example, a spherical clamp ring (not shown) thatfits over the rod 172. A locking cap 192 may be slidingly received bythe head portion 178 and secured thereon with a threaded screw 194. Thelocking cap 192 may also include a spherical cavity 196 to cooperatewith the spherical clamp ring such that screwing the cap 192 onto thehead portion 178 secures the bone anchor 174 to the rod 172. Althoughtwo anchors 174 are shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a plurality of anchors 174may be used with any given rod 172, depending on the needs of thepatient. It is also understood that a number of differently designedanchors may be used with the present invention in order to provide thesurgeon with the ability to adapt to anatomical variations and securethe rod 172 to the patient in an effective manner.

In another exemplary embodiment, the implantable device 210 can includea spacer or support body 212, as shown in FIG. 4. The body 212 may besimilar to the bodies 12, 112 of devices 10, 110, with like elements ofthe device 210 having the same reference numerals as device 10,following the prefix “2”. As illustrated, the body 212 can include afirst member 220 having raised sidewalls 226 that form wing-likeprojections 236. The projections 236 create a deeper saddle region 228for seating the spinous process 2 therein, and further cradling the boneduring use. Apertures or through-holes 238 may be provided on theprojections 236 for attachment of a fixation device. For instance, aflexible fixation element 50, 150 such as those previously described foruse with devices 10, 110 may also be applied in this embodiment tosecure the spinous process 2 to the body 212.

Alternatively, a rigid fixation element may also be utilized to providean even more secure attachment of the bone to the implantable device210. FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate the implantable device 210 in use with alocking cap 252 having a substantially U-shaped body formed by a pair ofbent legs 256. The locking cap 252 can be shaped and sized as a bracketfor engagement over the first member 220. Elongate slots 258 located onthe legs 256 are configured to align with the through-holes 238 of theprojections 236 to allow passage of a fixation element therethrough. Inthe exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5A, a bone fastener 200 maybe inserted through the slots 258, securing together the locking cap252, support body 212 and spinous process 2 during use. The bonefastener 200 can include a head 202 extending into an elongate threadedbody 204 configured for insertion through bone tissue. To lock the bonefastener 200 in place, a cap 206 may be provided. The cap 206 mayinclude a hollow body cavity 208 for receiving the distal end of thethreaded body 204, as shown in FIG. 5A. A suitable bone fastener 200 maybe found in U.S. provisional No. 60/669,346 filed on Apr. 8, 2005, thecontents of which are hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.

In other embodiments, the fixation element can comprise a laminar hook300, which may be provided for use with the spacer or support body 212of the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6A,the laminar hook 300 can include a pair of legs 302 connected by acurved midsection 304. Collectively, the legs 302 and midsection 304form a curved or wavy M-shaped body, with the midsection 304 including aU-shaped protrusion or notch, as illustrated. The legs 302 cooperatewith rotating arms 310 situated on either side of the spacer body 212 toallow pivoting movement of the hook 300 with respect to the spacer body212.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the rotating arms 310 can have a generallycylindrical shape, with one closed end 312 and an opposite, open end 314including an opening 316 extending generally parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the arm 310. The closed end 312 can have a smooth,curved edge while the open end 314 can have a flat edge so as to enableflush placement against the spacer body 212. To attach each arm 310 tothe support body, a locking cap 324 can be inserted through one of theapertures 238 on the spacer body 212. The locking cap 324 can include ahead portion 326 and a stem portion 328, and a through-hole 330 forinsertion of a pin 322 therethrough. The stem portion 328 should besized and configured for insertion through the aperture 238 of thespacer body 212 and still be freely rotatable. An arm 310 is then placedagainst the stem portion 328, with the stem portion 328 fitting withinthe opening 316 of the arm 310 such that the spacer body 212 issandwiched in between. Next, a pin 322 can be placed through athrough-hole 320 on the arm 310, the through-hole 320 being configuredto align with the through-hole 330 of the cap 324. Accordingly, the pinmaintains the arm 310 and cap 324 against the spacer body 212 whileallowing free rotational movement of the arm 310 and cap 324 withrespect to the body 212.

To attach the laminar hook 300 to the rotating arms 310, the free ends306 of the hook 300 can be inserted through openings 318 extendingthrough the arms 310, the openings 318 being generally perpendicular tothe longitudinal axis of the arms 310. The legs 302 of the hook 300 caninclude threaded portions 308 near the free ends 306 that extend beyondthe arms 310 when assembled. A fastener 334, such as for example, athreaded nut can be provided to secure the legs 302 to the arms 310. Theopening 318 can extend into a widened cavity 336 that would allow thefastener 334, once secured to the legs 302, to reside therein, as shownin FIG. 6A. Although a threaded connection is shown, it is contemplatedthat any suitable alternative connection can be provided for securingthe fastener 334 to the legs 302. For example, the legs 302 can beprovided with notches or grooves, while the fastener 334 can includecorresponding teeth or ridges for ratcheting over the legs 302. In allcases, it is desirable to provide a mechanism for securing the hook 300to the rotatable arms 310, which would allow the surgeon the flexibilityto adjust the length of the hook 300 relative to the spacer body 212, inorder to accommodate different patient anatomies.

Once fully assembled to the spacer body 212, the laminar hook 300 canassist with the positioning and attachment of the implantable device 210to the vertebra 4. As illustrated in FIG. 7A, the implantable device 210can be implanted between a vertebra 4 and an adjacent vertebra, such asfor example, the sacrum 8. The device 210 may be attached using, forexample, the bone plate 80 previously described, or a rod and screwsystem 170 as shown. Further, it is understood that the device 210 maybe inserted between any adjacent pair of vertebrae. Once the spinousprocess 2 of the vertebra 4 is positioned so as to rest securely withinthe saddle region 228 of the spacer body 212, the laminar hook 300 canbe clasped against the lamina, with the midsection 304 having theU-shaped protrusion or notch extending around the lamina. The hook 300should be sufficiently angled or curved so as to conform to the naturalanatomical curves of the lamina, as shown in greater detail in FIG. 7B.

Alternatively, the laminar hook 300 can be fully assembled after theimplantable device 210 has been implanted between a pair of vertebrae.In this instance, the legs 302 can be secured to the arms 310 with thefasteners 334 after the hook 300 has been properly positioned around thelamina. Further, as previously mentioned, the surgeon can adjust thelength of the hook 300 by manipulating the fastener 334 with respect tothe rotatable arms 310 in order to adapt to variations in the patient'sanatomy.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a laminar hook340 is provided which can include a pivotable head portion 350. The headportion 350 has a first end 352 from which a hook or tab 356 forgrasping around the lamina can extend, as shown in FIG. 8A. The opposed,second end 354 of the head portion 350 can include slots 358 whichextend into openings 360 along the sides of the head portion 350, asillustrated in FIG. 8B. To attach the laminar hook 340 onto the spacerbody 212, legs 342 can be provided having threaded portions 348 near thefirst and second, opposed ends 344, 346. The first ends 344 of the legs342 can be inserted into the slots 358 of the head portion 350, whilethe second, opposed ends 346 of the legs 342 can extend into rotatablearms 310, where the legs 342 can be secured to the arms 310 usingfasteners 334, similar to the mechanism previously described for thelaminar hook 300 of FIGS. 6A and 6B. Further, it is understood that thelaminar hook 340 of FIGS. 8A and 8B can be similar to laminar hook 300in all respects to the manner in which the arms 310 connect to thespacer body 212.

To enable pivotable movement of the head portion 350 with respect to thelegs 342, a cylindrically-shaped bushing 362 can be provided. Thebushing 362 can be configured to reside within the cylindrically shapedopening 360 along the sides of the head portion 350, and can be sizedand shaped so as to allow free rotational movement within the opening360. The bushing 362 can include a threaded hole 364 for attachment tothe threaded portions 348 of the first ends 344 of the legs 342.Although a threaded connection is shown and described, it iscontemplated that any suitable alternative connection can be providedfor securing the fastener 334 and bushing 362 to the legs 342. Forexample, the legs 342 can be provided with notches or grooves, while thefastener 334 and bushing 362 can include corresponding teeth or ridgesfor ratcheting over the legs 342.

In one exemplary method of assembling the laminar hook 340, the bushings362 can be placed into the openings 360 of the head portion 350.Thereafter, the legs 342 can be inserted into the slots 358, and securedto the bushings 362 by screwing the threaded portions 348 near the firstends 344 into the threaded holes 364 of the bushings 362. The free,second ends 346 of the legs 342 can then be inserted into the attachedrotatable arms 310 along the sides of the spacer body 212, and securedtherein with fasteners 334, such as for example, threaded nuts.

Like the previous laminar hook 300, the fully-assembled laminar hook 340of the present embodiment can assist with the positioning and attachmentof the implantable device 210 to the vertebra 4. As illustrated in FIGS.10A and 10C, the implantable device 210 can be implanted between avertebra 4 and an adjacent vertebra, such as for example, the sacrum 8.However, it is understood that the device 210 may be inserted betweenany adjacent pair of vertebrae using, for example, a rod and screwsystem 170 as shown. Once the spinous process 2 of the vertebra 4 ispositioned within the saddle region 228 of the spacer body 212, thelaminar hook 340 can be clasped onto the lamina, with the hook or tab356 extending around the lamina, as shown in greater detail in FIG. 10B.By providing a hook 340 which is pivotable at two points (i.e., atbushings 362 and at arms 310), the hook 340 can accommodate variationsin patient anatomy. Further, the legs 342 can be angled or curved so asto better conform to the natural anatomical curves of the lamina, asshown in greater detail in FIG. 10D.

The implantable device 210 can be implanted with the laminar hook 340fully attached to the spacer body 212 as previously described.Alternatively, the laminar hook 340 can be fully attached to the spacerbody 212 after the implantable device 210 has been inserted between apair of vertebrae. In this instance, the laminar hook 340 can bepartially assembled (i.e., the legs 342 are connected to the headportion 350) when the implantable device 210 (including the rotatablearms 310) is implanted. Afterwards, the legs 342 can be secured to thearms 310 with the fasteners 334 once the hook 340 has been properlypositioned around the lamina. Of course, as previously mentioned, thesurgeon can adjust the length of the hook 340 by manipulating thefastener 334 with respect to the rotatable arms 310 and legs 342 inorder to adapt to variations in the patient's anatomy.

Turning now to FIGS. 9A and 9B, yet another exemplary embodiment of alaminar hook 370 is shown. The hook 370 can include a pair of legs 372and a bridge portion 386 pivotably connected to the legs 372 by a hingejoint 384, as shown in FIG. 9A. Each of the legs 372 can include a firstend 374 having a screw opening 380 and a second, opposed end 376including a threaded portion 378 for insertion into a rotatable arm 310,where the leg 372 can be secured to the arm 310 using a fastener 334,similar to the mechanism previously described for laminar hooks 300,340. The laminar hook 370 of FIGS. 9A and 9B can be similar to laminarhooks 300, 340 in all respects to the manner in which the arms 310connect to the spacer body 212.

As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the bridge portion 386 can have asubstantially U shape, with the free ends 388 terminating at screwopenings 390. The midsection 392 of the bridge portion 386 can include atab 394 extending at an angle therefrom, as illustrated in FIG. 9A. Thetab 394 can take any shape and size suitable for gripping or grabbingaround the lamina, such as a solid plate as shown. However, it iscontemplated that the tab 394 can also be a U-shaped body. Further, thetab 394 can be formed integral to the bridge portion 386 or as aseparate component. If desired, the tab 394 may be configured to beangularly adjustable and fixable in a desired angle relative to thebridge portion 386 during implantation for greater flexibility.

In an exemplary method of assembling the laminar hook 370, the bridgeportion 386 can be attached to legs 372 by inserting a fastener 382,such as for example, a screw, through openings 380 of the legs andopenings 390 of the bridge portion 386. Thereafter, the legs 372 can beinserted into the attached rotatable arms 310 along the sides of thespacer body 212, and secured therein with fasteners 334, such as forexample, threaded nuts.

As with the previous laminar hooks 300, 340, the fully assembled laminarhook 370 of the present embodiment can assist with the positioning andattachment of the implantable device 210 to the vertebra 4. Asillustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the implantable device 210 can beimplanted between a vertebra 4 and an adjacent vertebra, such as forexample, the sacrum 8. It is understood, of course, that the device 210may be inserted between any adjacent pair of vertebrae using, forexample, a rod and screw system 170 as shown. Once the spinous process 2of the vertebra 4 is positioned within the saddle region 228 of thespacer body 212, the laminar hook 370 can be clasped onto the laminawith the tab 394 extending around the lamina, as shown in greater detailin FIG. 11B. By providing a hook 370 which is pivotable at two points(i.e., at hinge joint 384 and at rotatable arms 310), the hook 370 canaccommodate variations in patient anatomy. Further, it is understoodthat the legs 372 can be angled or curved so as to better conform to thenatural anatomical curves of the lamina, similar to the legs 342 oflaminar hook 340.

The implantable device 210 can be implanted with the laminar hook 370fully attached to the spacer body 212 as described in the methods above.Alternatively, the laminar hook 370 can be fully attached to the spacerbody 212 after the implantable device 210 has been inserted between apair of vertebrae. In this instance, the laminar hook 370 can bepartially assembled (i.e., the legs 372 are connected to the bridgeportion 386) when the implantable device 210 (including the rotatablearms 310) is implanted. Afterwards, the legs 372 can be secured to thearms 310 with the fasteners 334 once the tab 394 has been properlypositioned around the lamina. As previously discussed, the surgeon canadjust the height of the hook 370 by manipulating the fastener 334 withrespect to the rotatable arms 310 and legs 372 in order to adapt tovariations in the patient's anatomy.

The laminar hooks 300, 340, 370 of the present invention can be formedfrom a variety of suitable biocompatible materials, either alone or incombination with one another. Suitable materials for forming all or partof the hooks 300, 340, 370 include metals, such as for example,stainless steel, titanium, and their alloys, as well as polymers, suchas for example, polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Of course, it is understoodthat other suitable materials may also be used without departing fromthe spirit of the present invention.

If desired, it is also possible to provide a unitary fixation bodyrequiring less assembly than the devices previously described for stablesupport of the spinous process 2, such as the support bodies or brackets412, 512, 612 provided by the present disclosure. As shown in FIGS.12A-12C, an implantable device 410 in accordance with one exemplaryembodiment of the present disclosure includes a support bracket 412having similar features to those of implantable device 10. Whereapplicable, like elements of the device 410 are designated with the samereference numerals as device 10 following the prefix “4”. The supportbracket 412 can include a bone scaffold portion 420 configured forplacement beneath a spinous process 2. The scaffold portion 420 canextend into a neck region 416, which can extend into an anchor portionconfigured as, for example, a bone plate 480 for attachment to anadjacent vertebra. As shown, the scaffold portion 420 can extend atabout a 90.degree. angle with respect to the bone plate 480. However, itis understood that the scaffold portion 420 may extend at various angleswith respect to the anchor portion in keeping with the spirit of thedisclosure.

Like support body 12, the scaffold portion 420 can include an uppersurface 422, a lower surface 424, and a sidewall 426 extending inbetween. The upper surface 422 can include a contoured area defining asaddle region 428 for placement of the spinous process 2 thereon.Channels 432 may be formed along the sidewall 426 and extend intoopenings 434 at the upper surface 422, as shown in FIG. 12A. In oneexemplary embodiment, one channel 432 may be formed on each lateral sideof the scaffold portion 420. Optionally, however, a single channel 432may be provided which extends across the scaffold portion 420 and opensat both lateral sides. A flexible fixation element 450 such as, forexample, a wire, ligament, band, fabric webbing, or suture formed of ametallic, polymeric, synthetic, or natural material, and compositesthereof may be passed through the scaffold portion 420 and tied aroundthe spinous process 2, thereby securing the bone to the device 410 asshown in FIGS. 12B and 12C.

The scaffold portion 420 can extend into a bone plate 480, which mayinclude one or more extensions or legs 484. As shown in FIG. 12B, twolegs 484 may be provided. Of course, the bone plate 480 may be formedwith more than two legs 484 if desired. The legs 484 may further includefastener holes 486 for insertion of fasteners, such as for example, bonescrews 488, thereby enabling the secure attachment of the bone plate 480to a bony surface such as the sacrum 8. In one exemplary embodiment, thelegs 484 are positioned so as to flank the median crest when the plate480 is attached to the sacrum 8. Surface features such as, for example,a bioactive coating and/or teeth 430 may also be provided on the legs484 for enhancing attachment to the bony surface.

In yet another exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 13A-13C, animplantable device 510 including a unitary support body or bracket 512is shown. The implantable device 510 shares similar features to those ofimplantable device 10. Where applicable, like elements of the device 510are designated with the same reference numerals as device 10, followingthe prefix “5”. The support bracket 512 includes a bone carrier portion520 which extends into a bone plate 580. Like the support body 212 ofFIGS. 4 and 5A-5C, the bone carrier portion 520 can include raisedsidewalls 526 that form wing-like projections 536. The projections 536create a deeper saddle region 528 for seating the spinous process 2therein, and further cradling or supporting the bone during use.Apertures or through-holes 538 may be provided on the projections 536for attachment of a fixation device. For instance, a flexible fixationelement such as those previously described for use with devices 10, 110may also be applied in this embodiment to secure the spinous process 2to the carrier portion 520. Alternatively, a rigid fixation element suchas a locking cap and bone fastener (not shown) similar to those providedwith implantable device 210 may also be utilized to firmly secure thebone to the support bracket 512. Further, a laminar hook 300, 340, 370similar to the ones previously described may also be implemented withthe support bracket 512 of the present embodiment.

Like support bracket 412, the carrier portion 520 can extend into ananchor portion configured as, for example, a bone plate 580 which mayinclude one or more extensions or legs 584. As shown in FIG. 13B, twolegs 584 may be provided. Of course, the bone plate 580 may be formedwith more than two legs 584 if desired. The legs 584 may further includefastener holes 586 for insertion of fasteners, such as for example, bonescrews 588, thereby enabling the secure attachment of the bone plate 580to a bony surface such as the sacrum 8. In one exemplary embodiment, thelegs 584 are positioned so as to flank the median crest when the plate580 is attached to the sacrum. Surface features such as, for example, abioactive coating and/or teeth 530 may also be provided on the legs 584for enhancing attachment to the bony surface.

FIGS. 14A-14C illustrate yet still another exemplary embodiment of thepresent disclosure. As shown, an implantable device 610 includes aunitary support bracket 612 that comprises a body 616 having a scaffoldportion 620 at one end and an anchor portion 680 at an opposite end. Theimplantable device 610 shares similar features to those of implantabledevice 10. Where applicable, like elements of the device 610 aredesignated with the same reference numerals as device 10, following theprefix “6”. The scaffold portion 620 may be configured in a similarmanner to the scaffold portion 420 of implantable device 410 shown inFIGS. 12A-12C for supporting a spinous process 2. However, in theillustrated embodiment, the scaffold portion 620 extends into a body 616that terminates at an anchor portion 680. The anchor portion 680 maycomprise a pair of legs 684 defining a bone-gripping portion 648therebetween. In use, the support bracket 612 may be positioned suchthat the spinous process 2 rests on the saddle region 628 of thescaffold portion 620 and a flexible fixation element 650 secures thebone to the scaffold portion 620. The anchor portion 680 can bepositioned to rest against a bony surface of the adjacent vertebra, suchas the median crest, where the adjacent vertebra is the sacrum 8.However, it is understood that the implantable device 610 can bemodified in size (i.e., height and width) and shape to be used at anylevel of the spinal column.

The support bodies or brackets 412, 512, 612 of the present disclosuremay be provided as rigid fixation devices or as semi-rigid, flexiblefixation devices, depending on the materials selected for theirconstruction and the particular needs of the patient. That is, a rigidfixation device may be provided by constructing the brackets from abiocompatible metal, such as for example, titanium or stainless steel,or a rigid polymer, such as for example, polyetheretherketone (PEEK).However, a semi-rigid fixation device having limited flexibility (i.e.,compression and/or extension) may be provided by constructing thebrackets from a polymer material, such as for example, silicone, arubber-like material, or a polyethylene such as ultra high molecularweight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Further, it is contemplated that thedevices may be constructed from a combination of materials to provide asemi-flexible, semi-rigid fixation device. For example, the brackets412, 512 may be constructed of mostly metal but for a neck region 416,516 comprising a polymeric material to enable some compression and/orextension under normal compression loads.

In general, the specific materials included in each portion of theimplantable device may be selected based on a desired degree offlexibility and/or compressibility, or to provide biocompatibilityand/or bioactive characteristics. A number of biocompatible materialsare suitable for forming the devices of the present disclosure. Forexample, in one embodiment, the device may be formed from a medicalgrade metal such as pure titanium or a titanium alloy such astitanium-vanadium-aluminum alloy. The device may also be formed from,e.g., stainless steel or cobalt chrome. It is also possible to form thedevice from a shape-memory material such as nickel titanium or nitinol.Other suitable biocompatible materials include ceramic materials. Theceramic material may be a mixture of particles, for example, a mixtureof a metal or metals and/or a ceramic non-metallic material ormaterials.

The implantable device of the present invention can also be formed froma suitable biocompatible polymeric material. Examples of suitablesynthetic polymers include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and alkylated or acylated derivatives thereof, polyethylene (PE),polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), nylon, polycaprolactone (PCL),and copolymers and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable syntheticnon-biodegradable polymers, include, but are not limited to, variouspolyacrylates, ethylene-vinyl acetates (and other acyl-substitutedcellulose acetates), polystyrenes, polyvinyl oxides, polyvinylfluorides, poly(vinyl imidazoles), chlorosulphonated polyolefins,polyethylene oxides, polytetrafluoroethylenes and nylons. Anotherpolymeric material, which is particularly suitable for use in productionof mouldable compositions, is a hydrolysed polymer or copolymer of avinyl ester, particularly a hydrolysed polymer or copolymer of vinylacetate. Other preferred polymeric materials include ultra-highmolecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

The flexible portions of the present device, such as the flexiblelinking member 40 or the compressible cushion 140 in particular, can beformed of a suitable elastomeric material, such as for example,silicone, and natural or synthetic rubber or rubber-like materials.Alternatively, the flexible linking member 40 can be formed of any ofthe biocompatible metals previously discussed. With regard to thecushion 140 in particular, it is possible to construct the cushion 140from an elastomeric or viscoelastic material contained within aretaining cover or jacket formed of, for example, a fabric.

A wide variety of fiber materials are suitable for forming the fabriccover, such as for example, polyester, polyethylene, and other hightenacity polymeric fabrics, as well as carbon fiber yarns, ceramicfibers, metallic fibers, including mixtures of one or more of thesematerials and including fibers made therefrom. The textile fabric may beformed using weaving, knitting, braiding or embroidery. The fabric maybe produced in the desired profile or may be reduced to the desiredprofile from a larger amount of fabric, for instance, by cutting orpressing.

The elastomeric or viscoelastic core material within the fabric covermay comprise any of the suitable materials previously mentioned. Thecore may also comprise a swellable plastic such as a polymeric compositeor hydrogel, such as polyvinylalcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone orderivatives of polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid. Examples of suitablepolymers are polyurethanes, polyureas, PAN, polydimethylsiloxanes(silicone rubber), and highly crystalline multiblock acrylic andmethacrylic copolymers. Examples of suitable hydrophilic polymers arehigh-molecular weight polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid,polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneoxide, copolymers of ethyleneoxide andpropyleneoxide or hyaluronic acid; covalently crosslinked hydrogels suchas hydrophilic esters or amides of polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acids;and physically crosslinked hydrogels, such as hydrolyzates oraminolyzates of PAN.

Hydrogels useful for forming the elastomeric material of the flexiblecushion 140 include lightly cross-linked biocompatible homopolymers andcopolymers of hydrophilic monomers such as 2-hydroxylalkyl acrylates andmethacrylates, e.g., 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA); N-vinylmonomers, for example, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-VP); ethylenicallyunsaturated acids, for example, methacrylic acid (MA) and ethylenicallyunsaturated bases such as 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA).The copolymers may further include residues from non-hydrophilicmonomers such as alkyl methacrylates, for example, methyl methacrylate(MMA), and the like. Another type of suitable hydrogel includes HYPAN™and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels.

To further enhance the ability of the device to attach to thesurrounding bone once implanted, the device may include a number ofsurface modifications. For example, sections of the implantable devicemay include surface alterations that may facilitate tissue attachment,bonding or fixation. These alterations may include surface teeth, barbs,beads, surface roughening, or the addition of bioactive coatings to oneor more sections of the device. Further, the device may also includeroughened or porous surfaces. The roughened or porous surfaces mayenhance attachment between implant surfaces and bone tissue. Inaddition, some porous surfaces may facilitate tissue ingrowth to form abiological bond between sections of the device and the surrounding boneand/or soft tissue. Roughened or porous surfaces may be included on anyportion of the device, and in particular, may be desirable for theportions of the device in direct contact with bony tissue such as theupper surfaces 22 of the support bodies 12 or the saddle regions 228 ofthe support bodies 212 which may benefit from bone tissue ingrowth.

The surface of the device may also include biologically active agents.These agents may include osteogenic factors to further facilitatebonding between components of the device and the surrounding bone and/orsoft tissue. Further, the device may include therapeutic agents such asantibiotics, steroids, anti-thrombotic agents, anti-inflammatory drugs,and/or analgesic agents. In one embodiment, the biologically activeagent may be contained in a coating on the device. Alternatively, or inaddition, the device may be porous and the biologically active agent maybe contained in the pores of the device. The biologically active agentmay be, for example, bone morphogenic protein (BMP) for inducingcartilage or bone growth.

It is contemplated that the surgeon may use the devices of the presentdisclosure to treat a number of clinical problems. For example, thedevices may be used to treat degenerative disc disease and/or discherniation. The devices may also be used to treat spinal stenosis,including central and/or lateral canal stenosis. The devices may be usedbefore, after, or in conjunction with other treatments or implants,including adjacent rigid fixation, adjacent spinal decompression,fusion, and/or facet replacement or repair.

The devices of the present disclosure may be surgically implanted in avariety of ways without impairing the effectiveness of the devices. Forexample, the surgeon may select a number of different operativeapproaches and/or incision positions and/or sizes. Further, the surgeonmay implant each of the components of the devices in various sequences.The specific operative procedures may be selected based onpatient-specific clinical factors.

A number of different incisions and/or operative procedures may be usedto implant the devices of the present disclosure. For example, in oneembodiment, the surgeon may use a mid-line incision over the lumbar andsacral vertebrae to expose the L5-S1 interspinous region. Alternatively,the surgeon may use one or more incisions positioned lateral to thespine. Further, the surgeon may use a minimally-invasive procedureincluding various scopes, cannula, and/or robotic implantation devicesto deliver the devices to the surgical site.

It is contemplated that the devices 10 of the present disclosure mayprovide an improved system and method for treating various disorders ofthe spine. For instance, the devices provide a mechanism for treatingdisorders of the spine at the L5-S1 vertebral level. Further, thedevices of the present disclosure may also be useful for treatingdiseases of the spine at other vertebral levels. However, the devices ofthe present invention may also be used to stabilize lumbar vertebraeabove the L5 level. For example, in the case of an L5 laminectomy, it ispossible to use the present device to stabilize the L4 vertebra whileplacing the screws of the rod-based device system into the pedicles ofthe adjacent L5 vertebra, thereby providing a supporting bridge betweenthe L4-L5 region. Accordingly, it is contemplated that the devicesprovided in this disclosure, and in particular the rod-based systems,may be used to stabilize any pair of adjacent vertebrae by securing theanchors of the rod to the pedicles of the adjacent vertebra to thespinous process being supported.

The methods and devices of the present disclosure may be significantlyless invasive and/or produce less drastic and more reversible anatomicchanges as compared to other procedures including spinal fusion andtotal disc replacement. The device of the present disclosure may limitnormal spinal motion but provide some controlled movement in flexion,extension, rotation, and/or lateral bending. Further, the devices andmethods of the present disclosure may be particularly well-suited fortreating various stages of degenerative disc and/or spinal stenosis,particularly at the L5-S1 level.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification and practice of theinvention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification andexamples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spiritof the invention being indicated by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An implantable interspinous stabilization device,comprising: a flexible body including: a first portion having abone-contacting region configured for placement beneath a spinousprocess of a vertebra and a laminar hook connected thereto, the laminarhook having a protrusion for extending around a lamina of the vertebra;a second, base portion having an attachment end for cooperating with abone attachment member; and a flexible element connecting the first andsecond portions; the device further comprising a bone attachment memberattachable to the second, base portion and configured to secure thedevice to a bony surface of an adjacent vertebra.
 2. The device of claim1, wherein the flexible element comprises a spring.
 3. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the flexible element comprises a cushion.
 4. The deviceof claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises a member having acontoured surface defining the bone-contacting region.
 5. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the bone-contacting region comprises a saddle region.6. The device of claim 5, wherein the saddle region is defined by wingportions.
 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the laminar hook isattachable to the wing portions.
 8. The device of claim 7, wherein thelaminar hook is pivotable with respect to the wing portions.
 9. Thedevice of claim 7, further comprising rotatable arms for connecting thelaminar hook to the wing portions.
 10. The device of claim 1, whereinthe laminar hook includes a pivotable joint.
 11. The device of claim 1,wherein the laminar hook includes a hinged joint.
 12. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the bone attachment member comprises a bone platehaving a rod-like attachment end for engagement with the second, baseportion.
 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the second, base portionincludes a groove for rotatably receiving the rod-like attachment end ofthe bone plate.
 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the bone attachmentmember comprises a rod and bone anchor system.
 15. The device of claim14, wherein the second, base portion includes a groove for rotatablyreceiving the rod.
 16. The device of claim 1, further comprising surfacemodifications for enhanced attachment to bone tissue.
 17. The device ofclaim 16, wherein the surface modifications are selected from the groupconsisting of teeth, barbs, beads, and surface roughening.
 18. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the device further includes a biologicallyactive material to promote tissue growth after implantation.
 19. Thedevice of claim 18, wherein the biologically active material iscontained in a coating on the device.
 20. The device of claim 18,wherein the device is porous and the biologically active material iscontained in the pores of the device.
 21. The device of claim 1, whereinthe device is comprised of a biocompatible metal or polymer.
 22. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the vertebra is a lumbar vertebra.
 23. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the adjacent vertebra is a sacrum.